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Cummins/Onan YK Engine

The Cummins/Onan YK is a 0.48 L 2-cylinder four cycle, water-cooled engine rated at 1800 rpm. It powers generator sets from Cummins/Onan, including the Spec C and Y-1641. It holds 2.5 L (0.7 gal) of oil.

Also known as: Onan YK

0.483 L
Displacement
2
Cylinders
1800 rpm
Rated speed
2.5 L
Oil capacity

Engine specifications

Oil capacity2.5 L
Displacement0.483 L
Cylinders2
AspirationFour Cycle, Water-cooled
Rated speed1800 rpm

Generator sets powered by this engine

2
Cummins/Onan Spec CCummins/Onan Y-1641

How to read your Cummins/Onan engine serial & model number →

Common problems

15
  • Low oil pressure
    Cause: Oil too light
    Fix: Drain, refill with proper oil.
  • Engine does not crank F11
    Cause: Control fuse F11 open
    Fix: Replace fuse (10 ampere).
  • Engine backfires
    Cause: Lean fuel mixture
    Fix: Clean carburetor. Adjust jets.
  • Engine misfires
    Cause: Faulty ignition due to worn or fouled spark plugs
    Fix: Replace spark plugs.
  • Engine lacks power
    Cause: Faulty ignition due to incorrect ignition timing
    Fix: Adjust distributor.
  • Engine overheats
    Cause: Restricted airflow due to dirt or debris blocking air inlet or outlet
    Fix: Clear away any debris that may restrict airflow to set. Do not use compartment for storage area.
  • Black exhaust
    Cause: Rich fuel mixture due to choke sticking
    Fix: Clean choke and choke linkage.
  • Engine hunts or surges
    Cause: Sticking or binding governor linkage
    Fix: Clean governor linkage.
  • Voltage drops under heavy load
    Cause: Engine lacks power
    Fix: See remedies under "Engine Misfires at Heavy Load".
  • No AC Output Voltage — This condition may cause the generator set to stop when the Start switch is released
    Cause: Open circuit breaker
    Fix: Locate cause of overload and correct as required; Reset breaker
  • Low battery, generator set does not recharge
    Cause: Weak or discharged battery
    Fix: Connect a separate battery charger to bring battery up to full charge. If battery will not take charge, replace it.
  • High oil consumption (Note: New engines sometimes have high oil consumption during break-in)
    Cause: Oil viscosity too light or oil is diluted
    Fix: Drain oil and refill with correct viscosity oil.
  • Generator Overheats
    Cause: Generator overloaded due to defective circuit breaker CB22
    Fix: Replace circuit breaker
  • Engine starts but stops when start switch is released CB12
    Cause: Fault breaker CB12 not completing circuit due to defective breaker
    Fix: Check continuity through breaker and replace if defective.
  • AC Output Voltage Too Low Or Too High
    Cause: Engine governor incorrectly adjusted
    Fix: Refer to Governor section

Compiled from service & troubleshooting documentation across every generator set that uses the Cummins/Onan YK.

Maintenance schedule

ItemSpecCapacityPart #Interval
Air filter—500 hr
Fuel filter—1000 hr
Oil filter—500 hr
Battery—
Belt—1000 hr
Coolant—
Coolant filter—
Oil2.5 L—
Spark plug—500 hr

Pooled from every document that names this exact engine — confirm the interval and part number against your unit's serial number.

Service intervals

23
ItemActionHoursMonthsNotes
Crankcase oilCheck8 hrDaily; every 8 hours if operated more than 8 hours daily; keep between L and F marks
Air cleaner cartridgeClean30 hrRemove and shake out accumulated dirt
BatteriesCheck50 hrWeekly; clean and tighten connections, check electrolyte
Governor linkageLubricate50 hrWeekly; dry lubricant such as powdered graphite
Spark plugsClean50 hrWeekly; adjust gap to 0.025 inch (0.018 inch gas)
Air cleanerClean100 hrService as required; under dust-free conditions every 100 hours or less frequent
Crankcase oilChange100 hrNormal temperature and operating conditions
Engine oilChange100 hrWeekly service; change every 50 hours if using diluted oil
Air cleaner cartridgeReplace500 hrOr more often under extreme dust; do not wash cartridge
Carbon (or lead) depositsClean500 hrRemove cylinder head each 500 operating hours; never exceed 500 hours
Generator ball bearingLubricate2000 hr6 moSemi-yearly service (6 months or 1200 hours); lithium grease each 5000 hours or 2 years
Complete reconditioningOther5000 hrComplete reconditioning at 5000 hours
Generator bearingLubricate5000 hr2 years or 5,000 operating hours; non-lithium grease every 6 months or 1200 hours
CarbonClean1 moMonthly as required; remove carbon or lead deposits
Cooling finsClean1 moMonthly; remove cylinder air covers and clean fins
Crankcase breather valveClean1 moMonthly; clean thoroughly in gasoline or solvent
Exhaust systemInspect1 moMonthly; inspect all connections for leaks
Fuel systemDrain1 moMonthly; if 5 gallon fuel tank used, drain and clean to remove sediment/water
Fuel tankDrain1 moMonthly; drain sediment/water
GeneratorInspect1 moMonthly; inspect commutator, collector rings, brushes
MagnetoInspect1 moMonthly; inspect breaker points, adjust gap 0.020 inch
Oil filter elementInspect1 moReplace if filling with sludge; do not clean and reuse
Valve tappetsAdjust1 moMonthly; clearance 0.012 inch cold for intake and exhaust

Extracted from the manufacturer documentation linked to this model. Values are copied as printed; confirm against your unit's manual and serial number.

Service specifications

60
TypeItemValueUnitCondition
ClearanceA.C. generator maximum permissible run-out at rotor bearing0.010in.
ClearanceCamshaft bearing0.001-0.003inch
ClearanceCamshaft bearing journal dia. #11.8715 - 1.8725in.
ClearanceCamshaft bearing journal dia. #21.7457 - 1.7465in.
ClearanceCamshaft bearing journal dia. #31.2465 - 1.2475in.
ClearanceCamshaft bushing #20.003 - 0.0045in.
ClearanceCamshaft bushings #1 and 30.002 - 0.004in.
ClearanceCamshaft end play0.0005 - 0.0015in.
ClearanceCompression ring gap, 2nd0.013-0.025inch
ClearanceCompression ring gap, Top0.013-0.025inch
ClearanceConnecting rod bearing0.0002 - 0.0022in.desired .001 in.
ClearanceConnecting rod bearing0.001-0.003inch
ClearanceConnecting rod bearing clearance0.001-0.003inch
ClearanceConnecting rod endplay0.002-0.011inch
ClearanceConnecting rod side play0.006 - 0.010in.
ClearanceCrankshaft endplay - Aluminum bearing0.008-0.020inch
ClearanceCrankshaft endplay - Bronze faced bearing0.008-0.012inch
ClearanceCrankshaft main bearing0.0002 - 0.0024in.desired .001 in.
ClearanceCrankshaft main bearing - Aluminum0.0035-0.004inch
ClearanceCrankshaft main bearing - Bronze faced0.0019-0.0035inch
ClearanceCrankshaft main bearing journal - Std size2.7495-2.750inch
ClearanceCrankshaft main bearing journal size2.249 - 2.250in.
ClearanceCrankshaft rod bearing journal - Std size2.3745-2.375inch
ClearanceCrankshaft rod bearing journal size1.9365 - 1.9375in.
ClearanceCylinder bore - Standard size4.000-4.001inch
ClearanceCylinder bore - oversize4.005-4.006inch
ClearanceCylinder bore size3.4375 - 3.4395in.
ClearanceFan and generator belt play3/4 to 1in.pressure applied midway between pulleys
ClearanceOil pump gear backlash0.003-0.005inch
ClearanceOil ring gap0.013-0.025inch
ClearancePiston pin bushing ream for new pin1.1875-1.1882inch
ClearancePiston pin clearance with used pin0.0002-0.0007inch
ClearancePiston pin in connecting rod0.0002-0.0007inch
ClearancePiston pin in piston (tap-in fit)0.0000-0.0001inch
ClearancePiston pin in rod bushing0.0002 - 0.0006in.desired .0004 in.
ClearancePiston ring gap when fitting0.013-0.025inch
ClearancePiston to cylinder (90° to pin)0.0045-0.006inch
ClearanceTiming gear backlash0.001-0.006inch
ClearanceValve stem clearance in guide - exhaust0.0045in.desired
ClearanceValve stem clearance in guide - intake0.0015in.desired
ClearanceValve stem in guide - Exhaust0.003-0.004inch
ClearanceValve stem in guide - Intake0.0015-0.003inch
GapDistributor points gap - 12 volt battery ignition0.020in.
GapMagneto breaker points gap0.020inch
GapMagneto points gap - Fairbanks Morse0.015in.
GapMagneto points gap - WICO0.020in.Spec A plants only
GapRing gap, 3 top grooves0.007 - 0.017in.
GapRing gap, bottom groove0.007 - 0.017in.
GapSpark plug gap (gas fuel)0.018inch
GapSpark plug gap (gasoline fuel)0.025inch
GapSpark plug gap - gaseous fuel (LPG or natural gas)0.015 - 0.018in.when necessary to aid starting
GapSpark plug gap - gasoline fuel operation0.025in.
Injection timingIgnition timing17degrees advanceat cranking speed
OtherBilge blower time delayfiveminutesBegin Spec D
OtherBrush replacement length1/2inchreplace when worn to this length
OtherBrush spring tension9 - 13ounces
OtherCamshaft center pin extension beyond camshaft3/4inch
OtherCarburetor float setting1-1/4 (plus 1/8, minus zero)inchgasoline carburetor
OtherCranking limiter time to open45 to 90seconds
OtherEnsign atmospheric regulator maximum line pressure8inches water column

Extracted from the manufacturer documentation linked to this model. Values are copied as printed; confirm against your unit's manual and serial number.

Recommended fluids

FluidGradeStandardAmbientCapacityNotes
Coolantclean, alkali-free (soft) water; standard antifreeze solution10.5 quarts (U.S.)Cooling system capacity 10-1/2 quarts; fill to 1-2 inches below filler neck
Engine oilSAE 10W or 5WAPI Service DG or MS/DG, heavy duty detergentbelow -18°CBelow 0 F (-18 C); may dilute 10W with kerosene 1:4
Engine oilSAE 5WAPI Service DG or MS/DGbelow -18°C6.0 U.S. QuartsBelow 0°F (-18°C)
Engine oilmulti-viscosity 5W-20 or 10W-30Not recommended; oil consumption increases greatly
Engine oilSAE 10API Service DG or MS/DG-18°C to -1°C6.0 U.S. Quarts0°F to 30°F (-18°C to -1°C)
Engine oilSAE 30API Service DG or MS/DG-1°C to 32°C6.0 U.S. Quarts30°F to 90°F (-1°C to 32°C)
Engine oilSAE 50API Service DG or MS/DGabove 32°C6.0 U.S. QuartsAbove 90°F (32°C) continuous duty
Fuelfresh, clean regular grade gasoline16.0 gallons (U.S.) mounted tankDo not use premium grade or low octane; gaseous fuel (LPG/natural gas) on special models
Fuelnatural gas or LPGLine pressure 3 to 8 ounces at regulator inlet; LPG not more than 8 ounces
Fuelregular automotive gasolineFresh, clean; do not use highly leaded premium or low-octane stove gas
Greaselithium base greaseMIL-G-10924Generator bearing; no further lubrication for 2 years or 5,000 operating hours
Otherair cleaner oilSame SAE number as engine oil for oil bath and dry pack air cleaners

Extracted from the manufacturer documentation linked to this model. Values are copied as printed; confirm against your unit's manual and serial number.

Procedures

12
A.C. Voltage Regulator Adjustment adjustment

⚠ Never change factory settings of the regulator springs or contact fingers.

Tools: dc voltmeter, screwdriver

  1. Snap toggle switch to RHEOSTAT ON position.
  2. Adjust manual rheostat for 70 volts exciter voltage across dc brushes A1 and A2.
  3. Shift brush rig to position giving the highest voltage (neutral).
  4. Adjust manual rheostat to obtain rated AC voltage.
  5. Snap toggle switch to REGULATOR ON position.
  6. Set regulator rheostat at approximately middle of rotation.
  7. Set adjustable resistor to obtain rated AC voltage; retighten clip.
Adjusting the Garretson Regulator adjustment

⚠ A soap bubble over the regulator outlet will not accurately test for regulator closing.

Tools: manometer

  1. Connect a manometer reading up to 14 inches water column to the regulator test hole near the inlet; turn gas on.
  2. Turn closing adjusting screw (G) inward just until manometer reading remains constant when outlet is repeatedly covered and uncovered.
  3. Close gas supply valve, remove manometer, bleed air from line, install test-hole plug, open valve.
  4. Secure hose between regulator nipple and carburetor inlet with clamps.
  5. Operate engine to assure quick starting.
Automatic choke adjustment, beginning Spec F adjustment

Tools: 8 penny nail or 1/8 inch rod

  1. Loosen carburetor choke arm on its shaft.
  2. Slip choke assembly cover upward to remove it.
  3. Insert an 8 penny nail or 1/8 inch rod through aligning holes of solenoid armature and core.
  4. Tie armature firmly against core.
  5. Set choke valve plate fully closed and tighten choke arm on shaft.
  6. Remove alignment nail and untie armature; replace cover.
Automatic choke adjustment, prior to Spec F adjustment

⚠ Do not turn too far; a few degrees are usually sufficient.

  1. If choke does not open as engine warms up, check electric heating element.
  2. Loosen choke housing clamp screw.
  3. Turn housing slightly counterclockwise for over-choking in cold temperatures.
  4. Turn housing slightly clockwise to increase choking in high temperatures.
  5. Retighten clamp screw.
Carburetor adjustment adjustment

⚠ Factory carburetor adjustments should not be disturbed.

Tools: voltmeter

  1. Allow engine to thoroughly warm up.
  2. Adjust idle with no load: turn idle out until speed or voltage drops slightly, then in to normal.
  3. Adjust main with full load: turn main in until speed or voltage drops, then out to normal.
  4. For gas carburetor, set idle screw inward to seat; turn main gas screw in until drop, then out to normal.
  5. Set lock nut securely.
  6. Adjust throttle lever stop screw for 1/32 inch clearance.
Governor Adjustment adjustment

⚠ Be sure all load is removed when adjusting the bumper screw.

Tools: tachometer or frequency meter

  1. With engine stopped and tension on governor spring, adjust linkage so carburetor stop lever clears stop boss by not less than 1/64 in.
  2. Start plant and allow it to reach operating temperature.
  3. With no load, adjust speed screw to proper no-load speed.
  4. Apply full rated load at 0.8 power factor and recheck speed.
  5. If hunting under load, slightly increase distance between governor main shaft and sensitivity screw.
  6. If hunting at no load, screw in bumper spring screw until hunt stops.
  7. Tighten all lock nuts.
Governor adjustment with booster adjustment

Tools: voltmeter, frequency meter

  1. Disconnect booster external spring.
  2. At no load, adjust speed nut for 60-61 cycles (60 cycle) or 50-51 cycles (50 cycle).
  3. Apply full load; adjust sensitivity for maximum 3 cycle spread.
  4. Connect booster external spring at no load with no tension.
  5. Apply full load; frequency should stabilize 1 to 2 cycles higher than no load.
  6. Adjust internal spring tension if rise more than 2 cycles or if frequency drops.
Governor adjustment without booster adjustment

Tools: voltmeter, frequency meter

  1. Check throttle stop lever clearance approximately 1/32 inch.
  2. Start and run at light load to thoroughly warm up.
  3. At no load, turn speed adjusting nut for 60-63 cycles (60 cycle plant) or 50-53 cycles (50 cycle).
  4. Apply full load; governor should keep frequency spread within 3 cycles.
  5. If spread more than 3 cycles, turn sensitivity screw clockwise half turn and compensate with speed nut.
  6. Check performance under various loads.
Ignition timing adjustment

Tools: hand crank

  1. Remove magneto end cap.
  2. Adjust breaker points to 0.020 inch gap at full separation.
  3. Remove right hand cylinder air cover to expose timing hole.
  4. Slowly turn engine until IMP mark centers in timing hole.
  5. Listen for sharp click from magneto impulse coupling at the mark.
  6. If click is early (fast) or late (slow), loosen magneto mounting screws and turn magneto slightly.
  7. Repeat until proper timing is attained.
Line Contactor Pull-in Voltage Adjustment adjustment
  1. An adjustable resistor in series with the line contactor coil adjusts the contactor pull-in voltage.
  2. Do not adjust this resistor unless the line contactor will not pull in when the generator set starts.
  3. Or if it pulls in at too low a voltage causing the generator set to cycle.
Regohm Voltage Regulator Dashpot Adjustment adjustment

⚠ This is the only adjustment permitted on the regulator plug-in unit.

Tools: screwdriver

  1. Remove the louvered cover from the regulator box.
  2. Remove the clamping bar from the metal cover of the plug-in unit.
  3. Remove the cover held by two screws at the top.
  4. Turn the slotted screw at the center until the hunting just stops.
Running Resistor Adjustment (Spec A Only) adjustment

Tools: Phillips screwdriver

  1. If the demand control will not keep the generator set running with the minimum load, adjust the variable resistor on the terminal board.
  2. Turn the adjustment screw with a Phillips screwdriver counterclockwise to decrease load required for operation.

Extracted from the manufacturer documentation linked to this model. Values are copied as printed; confirm against your unit's manual and serial number.

Voltage reconnection

VoltagePhaseConnectionLeadsNotes
remote control terminal blockNo.1 grounded; No.2 stopping; No.3 starting; B terminal only with line transfer equipmentUse SPDT momentary contact switch with center OFF; additional remote switches in parallel
12012 wireM1 and M4; jumper M1-M3 and jumper M2-M4Full rated capacity at 120 volts on one circuit
120 or 24012 wireA (hot), GRDHoused plant; one terminal post grounded
120/20834 wire wyeA, B, C, GRD (topmost)Housed plant; topmost terminal grounded
120/208 and 240/480 etc.33 phase, 4 wiresingle phase hot to M1, M2, or M3; ground to M0; three phase hot to M1, M2, M3, ground to M0Single phase is lower voltage; three phase is higher voltage as shown on nameplate
120/24013 wireM1, M3, M2, M4; two jumper bars across M3 and M2Provides two 120 volt circuits or one 240 volt circuit; each 120V circuit has half plant capacity
120/24034 wire deltaTO, T1, T2, T3Housed plant; TO is center tap, not grounded
208/240/480/600 etc.33 phase, 3 wireM1, M2, M3Single phase available between any two terminals; not more than 1/3 capacity per single phase circuit
24012 wireM1 and M4; jumpers remain across M3 and M2Ungrounded service; consult local electrical code for grounded 240V
24033 wireA, B, CHoused plant; no terminal grounded; use phase sequence indicator
240 grounded1grounded 240V procedure A (model or spec ending in A)M1 hot; M4 grounded; M3-M2 jumpers; grounding wire moved from M2 to M4Follow procedure A if model/spec ends with A
240 grounded1grounded 240V procedure B (model or spec ending in B, C, etc.)M3 hot; M2 grounded; M1 and M4 tied with #10 or larger wireRemove and save M3-M2 jumper bars

Extracted from the manufacturer documentation linked to this model. Values are copied as printed; confirm against your unit's manual and serial number.

Common questions

What is the oil capacity of the Cummins/Onan YK?

The Cummins/Onan YK engine has an oil capacity of 2.5 liters.

What is the displacement of the Cummins/Onan YK?

The Cummins/Onan YK has a displacement of 0.483 liters with 2 cylinders.

Which generators use the Cummins/Onan YK engine?

The Cummins/Onan YK powers 2 generator set(s), including Cummins/Onan Spec C, Cummins/Onan Y-1641.

What is a common problem with the Cummins/Onan YK engine?

A commonly reported issue on generators using the Cummins/Onan YK is: Low oil pressure. Cause: Oil too light. Fix: Drain, refill with proper oil..