HomeEnginesCummins/Onan Onan

Cummins/Onan Onan Engine

The Cummins/Onan Onan is a 0.3 L 1-cylinder air cooled engine rated at 3600 rpm. It powers generator sets from Cummins/Onan, including the 3.6MKY, 4MKY, P4500iDF and P9500df. It holds 1.5 L (0.4 gal) of oil.

Also known as: Cummins Onan

0.304 L
Displacement
1
Cylinders
3600 rpm
Rated speed
1.5 L
Oil capacity

Engine specifications

Oil capacity1.5 L
Displacement0.304 L
Cylinders1
AspirationAir Cooled
Rated speed3600 rpm

Common problems

15
  • VOLTAGE SENSE FAULT—CODE NO. 27 27
    Fix: See an authorized Onan dealer.
  • UNDERVOLTAGE FAULT—CODE NO. 13 13
    Fix: Reduce the number of connected appliances, especially when air conditioners and battery chargers are running.
  • UNDERFREQUENCY FAULT—CODE NO. 15 15
    Fix: Reduce the number of connected appliances, especially when air conditioners and battery chargers are running.
  • There is no electrical power even though the genset runs.
    Fix: A. Reset tripped circuit breakers. See Powering Equipment. b. Unless there is an automatic power transfer switch, plug the boat power cord into the genset power output receptacle (if so equipped) or turn the boat power selector switch to its genset position (if so equipped).
  • The remote battery condition meter indicates low voltage.
    Fix: A. Clean and tighten the positive (+) and negative (- ) battery cable connections at the battery and the genset. b. Recharge the battery. Refer to the battery manufacturer’s recommendations.
  • The genset keeps stalling or the circuit breaker keeps tripping.
    Fix: Try running with fewer appliances connected. See Powering Equipment.
  • The engine runs and then stops or surges.
    Fix: A. Check the fuel tank and fill if necessary. b. Check the engine oil level and add oil as necessary. Drain excess oil if the level is above the dipstick Full mark. c. Check and reset the carburetor altitude adjust knob. See Varying Operating Conditions. (Gasoline models only.) d. Secure the spark plug lead on the spark plug. e. Replace the spark plug.
  • The engine fails to crank.
    Fix: A. Try starting at the genset rather than at the remote control. b. Replace the fuse on the control panel if it has blown. c. Clean and tighten the positive (+) and negative (- ) battery cable connections at the battery and the genset. d. Recharge the battery. Refer to the battery manufacturer’s recommendations.
  • The engine cranks slowly.
    Fix: A. Disconnect the air conditioner and other large loads. b. Clean and tighten the positive (+) and negative (- ) battery cable connections at the battery and the genset. c. Recharge the battery. Refer to the battery manufacturer’s recommendations. d. Change the engine oil to oil having the proper viscosity for the ambient temperature. See Table 1.
  • The engine cranks but fails to start.
    Fix: A. Check the fuel tank and fill if necessary. b. Open any closed fuel shut off valve. c. Check engine oil level and add oil as necessary. d. Service the air cleaner. e. Secure the spark plug lead on the spark plug. f. Replace the spark plug.
  • SPEED SENSE FAULT—Controller unable to sense quadrature frequency CODE NO. 45
    Fix: See an authorized Onan dealer.
  • SERVICE CHECK FAULT—CODE NO. 3 3
    Fix: Check the second-level fault code by pressing STOP once. The second-level fault code will have two-digits. The faults are listed in numerical order in this table.
  • PROCESSOR FAULT—Microprocessor ROM error during self-test CODE NO. 42
    Fix: See an authorized Onan dealer.
  • PROCESSOR FAULT—Microprocessor RAM error during self-test CODE NO. 43
    Fix: See an authorized Onan dealer.
  • OVERVOLTAGE FAULT—CODE NO. 12 12
    Fix: See an authorized Onan dealer.

Compiled from service & troubleshooting documentation across every generator set that uses the Cummins/Onan Onan.

Maintenance schedule

ItemSpecCapacityPart #Interval
BatteryCranking battery3 hr
OilSAE 10W301.1 qt / L100 hr

Pooled from every document that names this exact engine — confirm the interval and part number against your unit's serial number.

Service intervals

22
ItemActionHoursMonthsNotes
Cylinder Cooling FinsClean8 hrDaily or every 8 hours; more often in dusty conditions
EngineInspect8 hrDaily or every 8 hours
Exhaust SystemInspect8 hrDaily or every 8 hours
Fuel LinesInspect8 hrDaily or every 8 hours
Oil LevelCheck8 hrDaily or every 8 hours
engine oilCheck8 hrCheck oil level before each use or every 8 hours
Engine Oil and Oil FilterChange24 hrFirst service — After first 24 hours of operation as part of break-in
Engine Valve ClearanceAdjust24 hrFirst service — After first 24 hours; must be performed by qualified mechanic
Air FilterClean50 hr6 moservice more frequently if dry/dusty
engine oilChange50 hr6 moFirst service — Change every month under heavy load or high temperatures
Fuel FilterClean100 hr6 moauthorized Cummins service dealer; check/clean
Spark ArrestorCheck100 hr6 mocheck/clean
Spark PlugCheck100 hr6 mocheck/clean
fuel filterReplace100 hr6 moRecommend service by authorized Cummins service dealer
spark arrestorClean100 hr6 moInspect/clean spark arrestor
spark plugInspect100 hr6 moInspect/clean spark plug
Idle SpeedAdjust300 hr12 moauthorized Cummins service dealer; check/adjust
Valve ClearanceAdjust300 hr12 moauthorized Cummins service dealer
air filterReplace300 hr12 moAfter 300 hours or every year
spark plugReplace300 hr12 moAfter 300 hours or every year
BatteryOther1 moCharge battery overnight once a month if generator is not run
Starting BatteryCheck1 moMonthly; see battery manufacturer instructions

Extracted from the manufacturer documentation linked to this model. Values are copied as printed; confirm against your unit's manual and serial number.

Service specifications

28
TypeItemValueUnitCondition
GapSpark Plug Gap0.035 inches (0.89 mm)inches (mm)
GapSpark plug electrode gap0.024 - 0.032in (0.60 - 0.80 mm)
GapSpark plug gap0.027-0.032in. (0.70-0.80mm)
OtherAltitude power derate3.5% per 1000 feet above sea levelabove sea level
OtherAmbient temperature power derate1% per 10°F (6°C) above 60°F (16°C)above 60°F (16°C) ambient
OtherIgnition Timing23° BTDCdegrees BTDCNon-adjustable, electronic, magneto ignition
OtherMaximum oil capacity0.63US qt (0.60 L)
PressureLP fuel pressure at large tank outlet14-10inches of water column
PressureLPG/propane pressure at generator-mounted regulator7" to 14"water column
PressurePropane pressure measured at regulator mounted to generator7" to 14"water column
SpeedBreak-in period maximum load (first five hours)1850wattsfirst 5 hours of operation
SpeedHigh-Idle Speed3400RPMrecommended in absence of equipment specifications
SpeedLow-Idle Speed1400RPMrecommended in absence of equipment specifications
TorqueLPG/propane hose connector to generator5-10lb-ft
TorqueRocker arm pivot adjusting nut106 inch-pound (12 N•m)inch-pound
TorqueSpark Plug Tightening Torque20 lbs-ft (26 N-m)lbs-ft (N-m)
TorqueValve clearance (intake/exhaust) rocker arm pivot adjusting nut8-12N•m
TorqueValve clearance rocker arm8-12N•m
TorqueValve lash jam nut (exhaust)8-12N.mcold
TorqueValve lash jam nut (intake)8-12N.mcold
Valve clearanceExhaust Valve Clearance0.006 inches (0.15 mm)inches (mm)Cold
Valve clearanceExhaust Valve Lash0.0043 ± 0.0051in. (0.11 ± 0.13 mm)
Valve clearanceExhaust valve clearance0.0051 - 0.0067 in (0.13 - 0.17 mm)in (mm)engine cold
Valve clearanceExhaust valve clearance0.0051 – 0.0067in (0.13 – 0.17 mm)engine cold
Valve clearanceIntake Valve Clearance0.006 inches (0.15 mm)inches (mm)Cold
Valve clearanceIntake Valve Lash0.0035 ± 0.0043in. (0.09 ± 0.11 mm)
Valve clearanceIntake valve clearance0.0031 - 0.0047 in (0.08 - 0.12 mm)in (mm)engine cold
Valve clearanceIntake valve clearance0.0031 – 0.0047in (0.08 – 0.12 mm)engine cold

Extracted from the manufacturer documentation linked to this model. Values are copied as printed; confirm against your unit's manual and serial number.

Recommended fluids

FluidGradeStandardAmbientCapacityNotes
Engine oil10W-300.63 US qt (0.60 L)Recommended type for typical use. Viscosity chart also lists 5W-30, 10W-40 and 5W-30 Synthetic for extreme ambient temperatures.
Engine oil10W-30 (SAE 10W-30)0.6 LChart: 10W-30, 5W-30 Synthetic, 10W-40, 5W-30 by ambient temperature; 0.63 US qt (0.60 L) capacity; do not use 2-stroke oil
Engine oil10W301.1 L4-stroke/cycle engine oil only, never 2-stroke; synthetic oil acceptable substitute
Engine oil5W-30API Class SG or SH (also SG/CD, SG/CE, SH/CD or SH/CE)-28°C to 10°C1.0 quart
Engine oil10W-40API Class SG or SH (also SG/CD, SG/CE, SH/CD or SH/CE)-18°C to 27°C1.0 quart
Engine oil15W-40 (OnaMax)API Class SG or SH (also SG/CD, SG/CE, SH/CD or SH/CE)-12°C to 38°C1.0 quart
Engine oilSAE 30API Class SG or SH (also SG/CD, SG/CE, SH/CD or SH/CE)above 0°C1.0 quartPreferred when temperatures are consistently above freezing.
Fuel87–93 octane unleaded gasoline3.4 Gal (12.8 L)Up to 10% ethanol acceptable; DO NOT use E15 or E85. Also operates on LPG/propane.
FuelUnleaded gasolineminimum octane rating (Anti-Knock Index) of 87Do not use gasoline or gasoline additives containing methanol.
FuelUnleaded gasoline, 87-93 octane, up to 10% ethanol12.8 LDo not use E15 or E85; do not use gas/oil mix; fuel stabilizer recommended; tank capacity 3.4 Gal (12.8 L)
FuelUnleaded gasoline, max 10% ethanol, 87 octane or higher6.6 Gallonstank size
OtherLPG/propaneTank must have Overfilling Prevention Device (OPD) valveUse only approved LPG/propane tanks; liquid withdrawal tanks cannot be used

Extracted from the manufacturer documentation linked to this model. Values are copied as printed; confirm against your unit's manual and serial number.

Procedures

12
Checking and Adjusting Valve Lash adjustment

⚠ Must be done when engine is cold

Tools: feeler gauge

  1. Remove rocker arm cover and carefully remove gasket, replace if torn or damaged
  2. Remove spark plug so engine can be rotated more easily
  3. Rotate engine to top dead center (TDC) of compression stroke
  4. Confirm both rocker arms are loose at TDC on compression stroke; if not, rotate engine 360 degrees
  5. Insert feeler gauge between rocker arm and push rod to check clearance
  6. If adjustment required, hold adjusting nut and loosen jam nut
  7. Turn adjusting nut to obtain correct valve lash
  8. Hold adjusting nut and tighten jam nut to 106 in-lb (12 N.m)
  9. Recheck valve lash after tightening jam nut
  10. Perform for both intake and exhaust valves
  11. Install rocker arm cover, gasket and spark plug
Engine Speed Adjustments adjustment

⚠ Adjusting engine speed above equipment manufacturer's specification could cause equipment to operate at speeds in violation of Federal and State Standards for Safety.

⚠ Moving parts can cause severe personal injury or death. Take care when measuring engine speed with tachometer. Must be qualified mechanic.

Tools: Accurate tachometer

  1. Adjust only by qualified mechanic using accurate tachometer.
  2. Set low-idle and high-idle speeds to values in equipment Operator's Manual. If absent, adjust low-idle to 1400 RPM and high-idle to 3400 RPM.
  3. Start engine and move throttle lever to lowest speed position.
  4. Adjust low-idle speed stop screw on carburetor to obtain specified low-idle speed.
  5. For cable controlled engines: move throttle lever to highest speed position. Loosen high-idle speed stop plate clamping screw and rotate stop plate while holding throttle control arm against it until
  6. For lever controlled engines: adjust lever stop screw while holding throttle lever against it until specified high-idle speed is obtained.
  7. Check for full, smooth movement of throttle control arm between stop positions.
Reconnecting and Reclamping the Choke and Throttle Cables adjustment

⚠ Accidental starting can cause severe injury or death. Always disconnect spark plug and battery before resetting engine control cables.

  1. Stop engine and disconnect spark plug and battery (negative cable).
  2. Push choke knob in to full open-choke position and throttle lever to lowest speed position.
  3. Loosen cable clamp at engine bracket if necessary and hook cable wires into hook holes in choke and throttle control arms.
  4. Rotate choke and throttle control arms clockwise, hold against stops, pull slack out of cables and tighten cable clamp.
  5. Check for smooth movement and full travel of choke knob and throttle lever. Remove air cleaner element to see choke plate opens and closes fully. Check throttle control arm touches stop plate and thro
  6. Reassemble air cleaner and reconnect spark plug and battery.
Valve Clearance adjustment

⚠ Checking and adjusting valve clearance must be done when the engine is cold.

Tools: feeler gauge

  1. Remove the rocker arm cover and carefully remove the gasket.
  2. Remove the spark plug so the engine can be rotated more easily.
  3. Rotate the engine to top dead center (TDC) by pulling the recoil handle slowly.
  4. Both rocker arms should be loose at TDC on the compression stroke.
  5. Insert a feeler gauge between the rocker arm and valve stem to measure clearance.
  6. If adjustment is necessary, hold the rocker arm pivot and loosen the pivot adjusting nut.
  7. Turn the rocker arm pivot to obtain the specified clearance.
  8. Hold the pivot and re-tighten the pivot adjusting nut to the specified torque.
  9. Perform this procedure for the other valve.
  10. Install the gasket, rocker arm cover, and spark plug.
Connect an LPG/Propane Tank installation

⚠ DO NOT use thread seal tape or any other sealant on the LPG/propane hose connection.

Tools: 19 mm or adjustable wrench

  1. Turn the generator OFF and place on a flat surface in a well ventilated area.
  2. Verify the propane tank valve is fully closed.
  3. Remove the cover on the generator propane inlet valve.
  4. Hand thread the LPG/propane hose to the propane inlet on the generator.
  5. Tighten the hose connector with a 19 mm or adjustable wrench. Do not over-tighten.
  6. Remove the safety plug or cap from the propane tank valve.
  7. Attach the other end of the hose to the tank and hand tighten.
  8. Open the propane tank valve fully and check all connections for leaks with soapy water.
Connect the Battery installation
  1. Push down the battery access cover tab and pull the cover forward to remove it.
  2. Verify the rubber battery strap firmly secures the battery in place.
  3. Remove the cable tie securing the quick-connect plugs.
  4. Push firmly to connect the quick-connect plugs.
  5. Align the tabs on the cover and push to reinstall the cover.
Air Cleaner Maintenance maintenance

⚠ Failure to adequately wring out excess oil from wrapper may cause a drop in engine power due to restriction of inlet air.

⚠ Replace foam wrapper when torn or stretched.

  1. Remove outer cover by rotating quarter-turn fastener counterclockwise, then lift cover.
  2. To service foam wrapper only, do not remove inner air cleaner cover. Remove and wash foam wrapper in water and detergent.
  3. Squeeze foam wrapper dry like a sponge. Rinse with clean water and allow to dry.
  4. Coat wrapper evenly with one tablespoon (14 grams) of SAE 30 engine oil. Knead oil in and wring out excess.
  5. Install foam wrapper over paper air cleaner element by stretching it over inner cover. Completely cover all exposed paper pleats.
  6. For element replacement: pull choke knob to full-choke to close choke plate. Remove outer cover and wipe away loose dust.
  7. Remove mounting nut, inner cover and air cleaner element. Wipe off dust from air cleaner base.
  8. Install new paper element and secure with inner cover and mounting nut. Tighten nut 1-1/2 turns after seating it on cover.
  9. Reinstall foam wrapper and outer cover.
Air Filter Maintenance maintenance

⚠ NEVER use gasoline or other flammable solvents to clean the air filter.

  1. Place generator on a level surface and allow engine to cool several minutes.
  2. Remove the engine service cover.
  3. Turn the air cleaner cover knobs to unlocked and tip the cover down to remove.
  4. Wash the foam air filter in household detergent soap and warm water.
  5. Rinse by submerging in fresh water; allow to dry thoroughly.
  6. Dip the foam filter in clean engine oil and squeeze out excess.
  7. Install the foam air filter and lock the air cleaner cover.
  8. Install the engine service cover.
Battery Maintenance maintenance

⚠ The supplied battery charger is not a trickle charger; DO NOT use for more than 8 hours.

  1. Plug the charger into the battery charging port on the control panel.
  2. Plug the wall receptacle end into a 120 Volt AC wall outlet.
  3. Unplug the battery charger from wall outlet and control panel jack after 8 hours of charging.
Battery Replacement maintenance

⚠ Burn hazard. The battery contains sulfuric acid (electrolyte) which is highly corrosive and poisonous.

  1. Remove the battery access cover.
  2. Remove the quick-connect plug and the battery strap; remove the battery.
  3. Disconnect the quick-disconnect cable leads from the battery.
  4. Connect the white (-) quick-connect cable to the negative terminal; slide boot over connection.
  5. Connect the red (+) quick-connect cable to the positive terminal; slide boot over connection.
  6. Install the battery into the generator and secure the battery strap.
  7. Connect the quick-connect plug and install the battery access cover.
Changing Engine Oil maintenance

⚠ Never dispose of used oil into sewer, ground, or waterways

Tools: oil pan

  1. Operate or maintain generator on flat surface
  2. Stop engine
  3. Let engine cool for several minutes
  4. Place oil pan under oil drain plug
  5. Clean around oil drain plug with damp rag
  6. Remove oil drain plug
  7. Allow oil to completely drain
  8. Replace oil drain plug
  9. Fill crankcase with oil per Adding Engine Oil procedure
Checking Engine Oil maintenance

⚠ Internal pressure can build in crankcase while running; allow oil to cool before removing dipstick

  1. Operate or maintain generator on flat surface
  2. Stop engine if running
  3. Let engine cool for several minutes
  4. Clean around oil fill plug/dipstick with damp rag
  5. Remove oil fill plug/dipstick
  6. Thread dipstick all the way back in, remove and check oil level between H and L lines

Extracted from the manufacturer documentation linked to this model. Values are copied as printed; confirm against your unit's manual and serial number.

Voltage reconnection

VoltagePhaseConnectionLeadsNotes
120VSingle phaseFloating neutral (neutral wire isolated from grounding fastener and AC receptacle ground pins)Grounding System (AC): Neutral Floating, per schematic

Extracted from the manufacturer documentation linked to this model. Values are copied as printed; confirm against your unit's manual and serial number.

Common questions

What is the oil capacity of the Cummins/Onan Onan?

The Cummins/Onan Onan engine has an oil capacity of 1.5 liters.

What is the displacement of the Cummins/Onan Onan?

The Cummins/Onan Onan has a displacement of 0.304 liters with 1 cylinders.

Which generators use the Cummins/Onan Onan engine?

The Cummins/Onan Onan powers 4 generator set(s), including Cummins/Onan 3.6MKY, Cummins/Onan 4MKY, Cummins/Onan P4500iDF, Cummins/Onan P9500df.

How often should you change the oil in the Cummins/Onan Onan?

The Cummins/Onan Onan oil change interval is every 100 hours.

What is a common problem with the Cummins/Onan Onan engine?

A commonly reported issue on generators using the Cummins/Onan Onan is: VOLTAGE SENSE FAULT—CODE NO. 27. Fix: See an authorized Onan dealer..